AMC 10 · 2002 · #12

Grade 8 algebra
linear-equations-one-varfraction-arithmetic convert-to-algebra ↑ Prerequisites: linear-equations-one-var
📏 Medium solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
The equation (x-1)/(x-2)=(x-k)/(x-6) has a number k sitting inside it. For most choices of k you can solve for x, but for exactly one of the listed values the equation cannot be satisfied by any x. Find that value of k.

Pick an answer.

(A)
1
(B)
2
(C)
3
(D)
4
(E)
5

AMC 10 2002 problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA AMC). Reproduced for educational use.

How to solve
Strategy Convert to Algebra

The phrase 'has no solution' is a statement about an algebra equation, so Tool #13 (Convert to Algebra) is the lever: clear the fractions by cross-multiplying, then simplify until x stands alone. What comes out is a single linear equation in x of the form (coefficient) · x= (number), with both the coefficient and the number depending on k. A linear equation fails to have a solution only when the coefficient of x collapses to 0 while the other side is not 0. Tool #3 (Eliminate Possibilities) then confirms that the other four values of k really do give a usable x, so exactly one choice survives.

1STEP 1

Cross-multiply to clear the fractions

Since x ≠ 2 and x ≠ 6, cross-multiplying is legal, and the fractions vanish into (x-1)(x-6)=(x-k)(x-2).

(x-1)(x-6)=(x-k)(x-2)
2STEP 2

Expand both sides

Multiply out both sides: x²-7x+6=x²-(k+2)x+2k. Each side opens with x², so that term is doomed to cancel.

x²-7x+6=x²-(k+2)x+2k
3STEP 3

Cancel the square term and collect x

Cancel x², then push the x-terms left and the constants right; everything collapses to (k-5)x=2k-6.

-7x+6=-(k+2)x+2k → (k-5)x=2k-6
4STEP 4

Find when no x can work

Dividing by k-5 needs k-5 ≠ 0. At k=5 the line reads 0 · x=4 — false for every x, so no solution exists.

k=5: 0 · x=4 → no x
5STEP 5

Confirm the other four choices do have solutions

For k=1,2,3,4 the formula x=(2k-6)/(k-5) gives 1, 2/3, 0, -2 — all legal, so only k=5 breaks, choice (E).

k=1{:} x=1, k=2{:} x=2/3, k=3{:} x=0, k=4{:} x=-2 → (E) k=5
Answer
5
Plug k=5 back into the original equation: (x-1)/(x-2)=(x-5)/(x-6). Cross-multiplying gives (x-1)(x-6)=(x-5)(x-2), i.e. x²-7x+6=x²-7x+10, which simplifies to 6=10 — a contradiction with no x at all. That matches the claim exactly. And the other four choices each produced a clean value of x that avoids 2 and 6, so among the five options only k=5 has no solution.
💡Key takeaway

Clear the fractions and simplify; the equation has no solution exactly when the x-term disappears but a nonzero number is left behind, which happens at k=5.

  • Cross-multiply to clear the fractions
  • Expand both sides
  • Cancel the square term and collect x
  • Find when no x can work
  • Confirm the other four choices do have solutions