AMC 10 · 2012 · #7

Grade 7 arithmetic
linear-equations-one-varsystems-of-equations convert-to-algebra ↑ Prerequisites: linear-equations-one-var
📏 Medium solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
For a science project, Sammy watched a chipmunk and a squirrel stash acorns in the holes they dug. The chipmunk hid 3 acorns in each hole it dug, and the squirrel hid 4 acorns in each hole it dug. They each hid the same number of acorns, but the squirrel needed 4 fewer holes. How many acorns did the chipmunk hide?

Pick an answer.

(A)
30
(B)
36
(C)
42
(D)
48
(E)
54

AMC 10 2012 problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA AMC). Reproduced for educational use.

How to solve
Strategy Introduce a Variable

The two animals share one hidden quantity, the total number of acorns. Naming the chipmunk's hole count with a single letter lets both totals be written in that same letter, and the phrase 'same number of acorns' turns directly into an equation to solve.

1STEP 1

Name the hole count

Let h be the chipmunk's hole count: it hid 3h acorns, while the squirrel dug h - 4 holes and hid 4(h - 4) acorns.

chipmunk = 3h, squirrel = 4(h - 4)
2STEP 2

Set the totals equal

Both totals are the same, so 3h = 4(h - 4) — one equation in one unknown.

3h = 4(h - 4)
3STEP 3

Solve for the holes

Expand to 3h = 4h - 16, then subtract 3h from both sides: the chipmunk dug h = 16 holes.

3h = 4h - 16 → 16 = h
4STEP 4

Count the acorns

Each of the 16 holes holds 3 acorns, so the chipmunk hid 3 × 16 = 48 acorns — choice (D).

3 × 16 = 48
Answer
48
Check the two totals with h = 16. The chipmunk: 3 x 16 = 48 acorns in 16 holes. The squirrel: 16 - 4 = 12 holes, 4 x 12 = 48 acorns. Both totals are 48 and the squirrel used 4 fewer holes, so every condition holds.
💡Key takeaway

When two things are equal, call the mystery number one letter, write both sides with it, and let the equation find it.

  • Name the hole count
  • Set the totals equal
  • Solve for the holes
  • Count the acorns