AMC 10 · 2015 · #5

Grade 2 arithmetic
logical-deduction work-backwards ↑ Prerequisites: logical-deduction
📏 Medium solution 💡 2 insights
📘 View easy version →
Problem
Six named runners — David, Hikmet, Jack, Marta, Rand, Todd — placed somewhere in a 12-person race. Each clue ties two runners' finishing places together, and Marta's place is given outright. Find who took 8th place.

Pick an answer.

(A)
David
(B)
Hikmet
(C)
Jack
(D)
Rand
(E)
Todd

AMC 10 2015 problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA AMC). Reproduced for educational use.

How to solve
Strategy Work Backwards

Only one place is known directly — Marta's 6th. So start from that fixed fact and use the clues that connect each runner to an already-known place, one link at a time, until 8th place is filled.

1STEP 1

Anchor on Marta

Marta is 6th and one place behind Jack, so Jack is one spot ahead in 5th.

Jack = 6 - 1 = 5
2STEP 2

Find Todd from Jack

Jack is 2 places behind Todd, so Todd is two spots ahead in 3rd.

Todd = 5 - 2 = 3
3STEP 3

Find Rand from Todd

Todd is 1 place behind Rand, so Rand is one spot ahead in 2nd.

Rand = 3 - 1 = 2
4STEP 4

Find Hikmet from Rand

Rand is 6 places ahead of Hikmet, so add 6 to 2nd and Hikmet lands in 8th.

Hikmet = 2 + 6 = 8
5STEP 5

Read off 8th place

Hikmet came out 8th while David would be 10th, so 8th place is Hikmet.

8th place = Hikmet
Answer
Hikmet
Lay the solved places in order: Rand 2nd, Todd 3rd, Jack 5th, Marta 6th, Hikmet 8th, David 10th. Every original clue checks out — Rand (2) is 6 ahead of Hikmet (8), Marta (6) is 1 behind Jack (5), David (10) is 2 behind Hikmet (8), Jack (5) is 2 behind Todd (3), Todd (3) is 1 behind Rand (2), and Marta is 6th. All six places are distinct and within 1–12, so Hikmet in 8th is consistent.
💡Key takeaway

Start from the one place you know for sure, then hop along the clues one runner at a time.

  • Anchor on Marta
  • Find Todd from Jack
  • Find Rand from Todd
  • Find Hikmet from Rand
  • Read off 8th place