AMC 10 · 2015 · #6

Grade 2 arithmetic
logical-deductionif-then-reasoning casework ↑ Prerequisites: logical-deduction
📏 Medium solution 💡 3 insights
📘 View easy version →
Problem
Mahdi does exactly one sport on each of seven days. He runs on three days but never two days in a row, plays basketball on Monday and golf two days later, and never plays tennis the day after a run or a swim. Find the day he swims.

Pick an answer.

(A)
Sunday
(B)
Tuesday
(C)
Thursday
(D)
Friday
(E)
Saturday

AMC 10 2015 problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA AMC). Reproduced for educational use.

How to solve
Strategy Eliminate Possibilities

Two days are already fixed, leaving only five open days for the three runs plus swimming and tennis. List the few legal ways to place the runs, then knock out the ones that force an illegal tennis day. One arrangement survives, and it pins down the swim day.

1STEP 1

Fill in the fixed days

Monday is basketball, so golf falls two days later on Wednesday — leaving Tuesday and Thursday–Sunday open.

Mon = basketball, Mon+2 = Wed = golf
2STEP 2

Tuesday has to be a run

Four in-a-row days (Thu–Sun) hold at most two spaced runs, so the third run is forced onto Tuesday.

{Thu,Fri,Sat,Sun} → at most 2 runs; 3rd run = Tue
3STEP 3

List the two remaining runs

The other two runs must stay spaced apart, giving only Thu & Sat, Thu & Sun, or Fri & Sun.

{Thu,Sat}, {Thu,Sun}, {Fri,Sun}
4STEP 4

Knock out the bad run plans

Since tennis can't follow a run or a swim, only runs on Friday and Sunday survive; that forces tennis onto Thursday.

{Fri,Sun} runs → tennis=Thu, swim=Sat
5STEP 5

Read off the swim day

With runs Fri/Sun and tennis Thursday, the two open days leave the swim on Saturday — choice (E).

swim = Saturday
Answer
Saturday
Check the surviving week against every rule: runs are Tuesday, Friday, Sunday - three runs, none next to each other. Basketball is Monday, golf is two days later on Wednesday. Tennis is Thursday, the day after golf, not after a run or swim. The day after each run is Wednesday (golf), Saturday (swim), Monday (basketball) - never tennis, and the day after the swim is Sunday (run) - not tennis. Every condition holds, so the swim on Saturday is consistent.
💡Key takeaway

Lock in what you know, list the few legal options, then cross out the ones that break a rule.

  • Fill in the fixed days
  • Tuesday has to be a run
  • List the two remaining runs
  • Knock out the bad run plans
  • Read off the swim day