AMC 10 · 2024 · #16

Grade 4 rate-ratio
parityinvariant-monovariantmodular-arithmeticpattern-recognition pattern-recognitionidentify-subproblemscasework ↑ Prerequisites: paritymodular-arithmeticpattern-recognition
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Problem
The integers from 1 to 2024 are on a whiteboard. Each move: pick any 4 numbers, erase them, and write either their sum or their product. After some sequence of moves, every remaining number is odd. What is the largest possible count of numbers still on the board?

Pick an answer.

(A)
1010
(B)
1011
(C)
1012
(D)
1013
(E)
1014

AMC 10 2024 problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA AMC). Reproduced for educational use.

How to solve
Strategy Look for a Pattern

The board changes in a structured way every move, so the work splits into two patterns to find — Tool #5. Pattern 1: the total count drops by 3 each move, so the final count is fixed mod 3. Pattern 2: count the odd numbers on the board; check how many odds disappear or appear per move. Both patterns are invariants (one strict, one a monovariant), and together they pin down the answer without any algebra. Tool #7 (Identify Subproblems) splits the work into (a) modular ceiling, (b) odd-count ceiling, (c) a constructive recipe showing 1010 is reachable. Tool #3 (Eliminate Possibilities) sweeps the five choices using the two ceilings — that is the most elementary AMC move and finishes the problem.

1STEP 1

Split the start: 1 to 2024 gives 1012 evens and 1012 odds, 2024 numbers in all.

evens = 1012, odds = 1012, total = 2024
2STEP 2

Pattern 1: each move nets -3 to the count, so after k moves it is 2024 - 3k, forcing N ≡ 2 (mod 3).

N = 2024 - 3k → N ≡ 2 (mod 3)
3STEP 3

Test the choices mod 3: only 1010 and 1013 leave remainder 2, so B, C, E are out.

1010 ≡ 2, 1011 ≡ 0, 1012 ≡ 1, 1013 ≡ 2, 1014 ≡ 0 (mod 3)
4STEP 4

Pattern 2: track odd-count D. The three odd-producing moves change D by -3, 0, or -2 — so it never grows.

Δ D ∈ {-3, 0, -2} → Δ D ≤ 0
5STEP 5

D starts at 1012 and never grows, and the board ends all odd, so the final count is at most 1012 — kills 1013, leaving 1010.

N_final = D_final ≤ 1012 → N_final ≤ 1012
6STEP 6

Phase A: sum three evens and one odd (odd result) 337 times — clears 1011 evens, holds odds at 1012, leaving 1 even.

337 × (E,E,E,O → O): 1012 - 1011 = 1 even, 1012 odds
7STEP 7

Phase B: sum that last even with three odds (odd) — odds fall to 1010, board all odd, so N = 1010, choice (A).

(E,O,O,O) → O: 0 evens, 1012 - 2 = 1010 odds → N = 1010 → (A)
Answer
1010
Two independent ceilings — "count ≡ 2 (mod 3)" and "final count ≤ starting odd count = 1012" — leave only 1010 among the choices, and the explicit recipe lands on exactly 1010. Sanity: total moves used = 338, total count drop = 338 × 3 = 1014, and 2024 - 1014 = 1010, matching N. Also 1010 ≡ 2 (mod 3), consistent with Pattern 1. Both ceilings are met with equality, so (A) is both an upper bound and achievable.
💡Key takeaway

This AMC 10 problem only needs Grade 4 "continue-the-pattern" rules — count drops by 3 each move, odd count never grows — that you already know!