AMC 10 · 2009 · #14

Grade 6 geometry-2d
area-trianglescoordinate-geometrylinear-equations-one-var identify-subproblems ↑ Prerequisites: area-triangles
📏 Medium solution 💡 3 insights 📊 Diagram
Problem
A slanted line splits a figure made of unit squares into two equal areas. Find where the line meets the horizontal axis.

Pick an answer.

(A)
$\frac12$
(B)
$\frac35$
(C)
$\frac23$
(D)
$\frac34$
(E)
$\frac45$
How to solve
Strategy Identify Subproblems

The shaded region has an awkward staircase edge, but it becomes easy once broken into pieces. Tool #7 (Identify Subproblems) is primary: fill in the one missing unit square at the bottom-right so the shaded part plus that square is a single clean triangle, then the shaded area is just (triangle) minus (one square). Tool #1 (Draw a Diagram) reads the exact corner coordinates off the figure so the triangle's base and height are known. Tool #4 (Introduce a Variable) keeps c as the unknown, writes the triangle's area in terms of c, and turns the equal-area condition into one linear equation to solve.

1STEP 1

Find each region's target area

Each half must have the same target area.

total=5, each half=5/2=2.5
2STEP 2

Complete the shaded part to a triangle

Completing the piece to a triangle makes it measurable.

shaded=area of △((c,0),(3,0),(3,3))-1
3STEP 3

Write the triangle's area with c

Its area is a simple expression in the unknown.

area of △=1/2(3-c)(3)
4STEP 4

Set up the equation and solve

Solving gives 2/3, choice (C).

1/2(3-c)(3)=3.5→ 3(3-c)=7→ 3-c=7/3→ c=2/3
Answer
2/3
Plug c=2/3 back in. The triangle base is 3-2/3=7/3 and height 3, giving area 1/2·7/3·3=7/2=3.5; subtracting the one empty square leaves shaded area 2.5, exactly half of 5. As a second check, the shaded polygon (2/3,0),(3,3),(3,1),(2,1),(2,0) has area 2.5 by the shoelace formula, agreeing. The value 2/3 is between 0 and 3, so the line really does start on the figure's bottom edge, which is sensible.
💡Key takeaway

Fill in the missing square to turn a jagged shape into a clean triangle, find its area, then subtract the square back.

  • Find each region's target area
  • Complete the shaded part to a triangle
  • Write the triangle's area with c
  • Set up the equation and solve