AMC 10 · 2009 · #9

Grade 8 geometry-2d
coordinate-geometryarea-trianglesslope-interceptpythagorean-theorem identify-subproblemsinvariant-monovariant ↑ Prerequisites: coordinate-geometryarea-triangles
📏 Medium solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
Two vertices of a triangle are fixed and the third may be anywhere on a given line. Find the triangle's area.

Pick an answer.

(A)
6
(B)
8
(C)
10
(D)
12
(E)
14
How to solve
Strategy Draw a Diagram

Plot what is fixed and what is free. The two fixed vertices sit on the line x+y=3, and C is confined to x+y=7 — the same slope. That parallel pair is the entire problem: it locks the height above base AB before C is ever chosen. So the order of work is (1) prove the height cannot change, then (2) measure the base and that one height. Picking a convenient C first would produce a number but would not show the number is forced.

1STEP 1

Put base AB on a line

The two fixed points lie on a line parallel to the other one.

line AB: x+y=3 and C lies on x+y=7
2STEP 2

Parallel lines freeze the height

Parallel lines freeze the height.

CC'F'F is a parallelogram ⟹ CF = C'F'
3STEP 3

Measure the base

The base measures 3√(2).

AB=√(3²+3²)=√(18)=3√(2)
4STEP 4

Measure the gap between the lines

The gap between the lines measures 2√(2).

NM=√((7/2-3/2)²+(7/2-3/2)²)=√(4+4)=2√(2)
5STEP 5

Half of base times height

Half of base times height gives 6, choice (C).

Area(△ ABC)=1/2 · 3√(2) · 2√(2)=1/2 · 12=6
Answer
6
Test two positions of C that look nothing alike. With C=(7,0), side AC lies along the x-axis with length 7-3=4, and the height is B's y-coordinate, 3, giving 1/2 · 4 · 3=6. With C=(0,7), side BC lies along the y-axis with length 7-3=4, and the height is A's x-coordinate, 3, giving 6 again. Two triangles that look completely different, the same area — precisely what the parallel-lines argument predicted. And 6 appears on the answer list as choice (A).
💡Key takeaway

When the free point can only slide along a line parallel to the base, the height is already decided — so the area is locked in before you even pick the point.

  • Put base AB on a line
  • Parallel lines freeze the height
  • Measure the base
  • Measure the gap between the lines
  • Half of base times height