AMC 10 · 2013 · #7

Grade 4 counting
triangular-numberspattern-recognitionsequences-arithmetic pattern-recognitionidentify-subproblems ↑ Prerequisites: pattern-recognition
📏 Short solution 💡 2 insights
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Problem
Each turn recounts from the start, one step further than the last. Find a given spoken number.

Pick an answer.

(A)
2
(B)
3
(C)
5
(D)
6
(E)
8
How to solve
Strategy Look for a Pattern

The counting has a clean repeating rule: turn n contributes exactly n numbers. Spot that pattern, add the turn sizes to see how many numbers have been said by the end of each turn, then find which turn the 53rd number falls in and read off its value inside that turn.

1STEP 1

Count numbers per turn

Turn number n says exactly that many numbers.

turn n says n numbers: 1, 2, …, n
2STEP 2

Add up to find the turn

Adding turns pins the target to turn ten.

1+2+…+9 = 45, 45 + 10 = 55, 45 < 53 ≤ 55
3STEP 3

Locate 53 inside turn 10

Its place inside that turn gives 8, choice (B).

53 - 45 = 8 → 8th number of 1,2,…,10 = 8
Answer
8
The running totals 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55 confirm that position 53 sits between the 45th and 55th number, inside turn 10 whose list is 1..10. Counting 46,47,...,53 lands on the 8th entry, which is 8, one of the answer choices.
💡Key takeaway

Add up how many numbers each turn says until you pass the one you want, then count that many steps into the last turn's list.

  • Count numbers per turn
  • Add up to find the turn
  • Locate 53 inside turn 10