AMC 10 · 2016 · #8

Grade 7 geometry-2d
similar-figuresratio-proportionarea-triangles dimensional-analysis ↑ Prerequisites: similar-figuresratio-proportion
📏 Medium solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
Two pieces of the same material and thickness differ only in size. Find the second one's weight.

Pick an answer.

(A)
14.0
(B)
16.0
(C)
20.0
(D)
33.3
(E)
55.6
How to solve
Strategy Introduce a Variable

Because the wood, thickness, and density are identical, the weight of each piece rides entirely on its flat area — tool #8 (Analyze the Units) tells us "more area means proportionally more ounces." Both pieces are equilateral triangles, so they are similar, and a flat shape scaled in length by a factor k has its area scaled by k². That turns the whole problem into a single proportion: name the unknown weight w with tool #4 (Introduce a Variable) and set w/12 equal to the area ratio. Tool #3 (Eliminate Possibilities) then matches the computed weight to the closest choice.

1STEP 1

Weight tracks area

Same thickness means weight tracks area.

weight ∝ area (same wood, same thickness)
2STEP 2

Area scales by the square of the side

Area scales by the square of the side ratio.

area₂/area₁ = (√(3)/4 · 5²)/(√(3)/4 · 3²) = 25/9
3STEP 3

Set up the proportion

That is a factor of 25/9.

w/12 = 25/9
4STEP 4

Solve and pick the closest choice

Solving gives about 33.3, choice (D).

w = 12 · 25/9 = 300/9 ≈ 33.3 = (D)
Answer
33.3
The side grew from 3 to 5, less than doubling, so the area factor 25/9 ≈ 2.78 is under 3 but well above 2. Multiplying 12 ounces by that factor should land between 24 and 36, and 33.3 sits right there. The tempting wrong answer 20.0 comes from scaling weight by the side ratio 5/3 instead of its square, and 55.6 comes from scaling by (5/3)³ as if the thickness also grew — both are excluded by the constant thickness.
💡Key takeaway

When a flat shape keeps the same thickness, its weight follows its area — and scaling every length by k multiplies the area, and the weight, by k².

  • Weight tracks area
  • Area scales by the square of the side
  • Set up the proportion
  • Solve and pick the closest choice