AMC 10 · 2017 · #1

Grade 4 arithmetic
ratio-proportionoptimization-counting greedy-algorithm ↑ Prerequisites: ratio-proportion
📏 Medium solution 💡 1 insight
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Problem
Three package sizes are offered and the money is fixed. Find the most items obtainable.

Pick an answer.

(A)
8
(B)
11
(C)
12
(D)
13
(E)
15
How to solve
Strategy Extreme Principle

Tool #14 (Extreme Principle): the question asks for the greatest number of popsicles, so push toward the most popsicles per dollar and use every dollar. Tool #8 (Analyze the Units): what really matters is popsicles per dollar, so compare the three deals on equal footing before buying anything. Tool #6 (Guess and Check): after building the best buy, test a few other ways to split the $8 to make sure none of them gives more.

1STEP 1

Compare the three deals

At a common price the big box wins.

$6: 6 vs 3×3=9 vs 2×5=10
2STEP 2

Buy the best box as much as possible

Buying it twice gives 10 and leaves change.

3=3=6 → 10 popsicles, 88-6=$2
3STEP 3

Spend the last two dollars

The leftover buys 3 more.

$2: 3 vs 2 → 10+3=13
4STEP 4

Check no split beats 13

No other split beats 13, choice (D).

4×3=12, 5+6+1=12, best=13 → (D)
Answer
13
The answer must beat the all-singles count: 8ofsinglepopsiclesisonly8,and138,sousingboxesclearlyhelped.Itmustalsostaybelowaperfectdreamrate:evenatthebestdealof5popsiclesper8 of single popsicles is only 8, and 13 > 8, so using boxes clearly helped. It must also stay below a perfect dream rate: even at the best deal of 5 popsicles per3, eight dollars caps out near 13, so a total like 15 is out of reach. Spending exactly $8 for 13 popsicles averages about 1.6 popsicles per dollar, sitting between the 3-box rate (1.5) and the 5-box rate (about 1.67) — exactly what mixing those two boxes should give.
💡Key takeaway

Find the best popsicles-per-dollar deal, buy as many as you can, then spend the leftover on the next-best deal: two 3boxesplusone3 boxes plus one2 box make 13 popsicles — choice (D).

  • Compare the three deals
  • Buy the best box as much as possible
  • Spend the last two dollars
  • Check no split beats 13