AMC 10 · 2021 · #1

Grade 7 arithmetic
absolute-valuesystematic-enumerationestimationinterval-arithmetic systematic-enumerationbound-inequality-then-enumerate ↑ Prerequisites: absolute-value
📏 Short solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
Count the integers whose distance from zero on the number line is less than three pi.

Pick an answer.

(A)
9
(B)
10
(C)
18
(D)
19
(E)
20
How to solve
Strategy Draw a Diagram

Tool #1 (Diagram) is perfect — sketch a number line with -3π and 3π as endpoints, then mark integer tick marks inside. Tool #2 (Systematic List) handles the counting once we know where the boundary integers are. Tool #3 (Eliminate) checks the answer choices: counting symmetric integers around 0 always gives an odd total (positives + negatives + zero), so (C) 18 and (E) 20 can be eliminated immediately, leaving (A) 9, (B) 10, or (D) 19.

1STEP 1

Turn the absolute value into a range

The distance becomes a two-sided range.

|x| < 3π ⟺ -3π < x < 3π
2STEP 2

Estimate three pi

Three pi sits between nine and ten.

3π ≈ 3 × 3.14 = 9.42
3STEP 3

List the integers

Both ends reach nine.

{-9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
4STEP 4

Do not forget zero

Do not drop the zero in the middle.

9 + 9 + 1 = 19 → (D)
5STEP 5

Match the choice

The count is 19.

odd count → (D)
Answer
19
3π ≈ 9.42, so the range (-9.42, 9.42) definitely includes -9 through 9 and excludes -10, 10. The count of 19 is between (C) 18 and (E) 20, exactly the odd value that symmetry around 0 forces.
💡Key takeaway

This AMC 12 problem only needs Grade 7 "absolute value means distance from zero" and knowing π ≈ 3.14 — sketch the number line from -9.42 to 9.42, list the integers inside, and count 19!