AMC 10 · 2021 · #2

Grade 3 geometry-2d
area-rectanglessystematic-enumerationarea-differencemental-arithmetic systematic-enumerationcasework ↑ Prerequisites: area-rectangles
📏 Short solution 💡 2 insights
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Problem
A card measures 4 inches by 6 inches. One of its two side lengths gets cut down by 1 inch, and the card that remains has area 18 square inches. The problem never says which side was cut. Find the area you would get if the other side were the one cut instead.

Pick an answer.

(A)
16
(B)
17
(C)
18
(D)
19
(E)
20
How to solve
Strategy Make a Systematic List

The missing piece of information — which side got shortened — has only two candidates, so Tool #2 (Make a Systematic List) writes down both cards and both areas in a two-row table instead of guessing. Tool #3 (Eliminate Possibilities) then uses the one number the problem hands over, the area 18, to cross off the row that does not fit; the surviving row identifies which side was actually cut, and the crossed-off row is exactly the card the question asks about. Tool #1 (Draw a Diagram) keeps the two cuts straight: sketching the rectangle shows that trimming a side removes a thin strip along one edge, which makes it obvious the two cuts are not interchangeable.

1STEP 1

See the card and its two cuts

See the card and its two cuts.

4 × 6 = 24 sq in; cut A: 4 → 3, cut B: 6 → 5
2STEP 2

List both resulting cards

List both resulting cards.

Cut A: 3 × 6 = 18; Cut B: 4 × 5 = 20
3STEP 3

Let the 18 pick the row

The given 18 picks the row.

18 = 3 × 6 → the shortened side was the 4-inch side
4STEP 4

Read off the other row

Reading the other row gives 20.

4 × 5 = 20 sq in = 24 - (1 × 4) → (E)
Answer
20
Cutting 1 inch off a side always removes a strip whose area equals the length of the other side, so the two cuts remove 6 and 4 square inches from the original 24. The cut that removed 6 gave 18, so the cut that removed only 4 must give something larger than 18 but smaller than 24 — and 20 sits exactly there. Another guard: the new area has to be a product of whole side lengths taken from {3,4} and {5,6}, which rules out (D) 19 (prime) and (B) 17 (prime) immediately. Choice (C) 18 is the trap of repeating the area the problem already gave, and (A) 16 would require shrinking both sides rather than one.
💡Key takeaway

When a problem hides which side changed, try both — the number it hands you tells you which case really happened, and the case you crossed off is usually what it asks for next.

  • See the card and its two cuts
  • List both resulting cards
  • Let the 18 pick the row
  • Read off the other row