AMC 10 · 2022 · #8

Grade 8 algebra
exponentsgeometric-series-infinitequadratic-equationszero-product-property convert-to-algebrapattern-recognitionidentify-subproblems ↑ Prerequisites: exponents
📏 Medium solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
An endless product starts with the cube root of ten, and every factor after that is the cube root of the one before it. The product is known to settle on a real number. Find that number exactly.

Pick an answer.

(A)
$\sqrt{10}$
(B)
$\sqrt[3]{100}$
(C)
$\sqrt[4]{1000}$
(D)
10
(E)
$10\sqrt[3]{10}$
How to solve
Strategy Introduce a Variable

The product never ends, so there is nothing to compute directly. Tool #4 (Introduce a Variable) is the way in: give the finished value a name P and then hunt for an equation P must satisfy. Tool #5 (Look for a Pattern) supplies the key structural fact — each factor is the cube root of the one before it, so the list is self-similar. Tool #16 (Change Focus) is the move that finishes it: instead of staring at P, look at P³, because cubing strips one cube root off every factor at once and makes a full copy of the original product reappear. That turns an infinite multiplication into a one-line equation.

1STEP 1

Name the layers

Give each factor a name.

t₁ = ∛(10), t_k+1 = ∛(t_k), product = t₁ t₂ t₃ …
2STEP 2

Name the finished value

Name the whole product too.

P = t₁ t₂ t₃ …, P > 1
3STEP 3

Cube the entire product

Cubing lifts every layer by one.

P³ = t₁³ · t₂³ · t₃³ … = 10 · t₁ · t₂ …
4STEP 4

Spot the copy inside

A copy of itself hides inside.

P³ = 10 · (t₁ t₂ t₃ …) = 10P
5STEP 5

Divide one copy out

Dividing leaves just a square.

P³/P = 10P/P ⟹ P² = 10
6STEP 6

Take the positive root

The positive root is root ten.

P² = 10, P > 0 ⟹ P = √(10) ⟹ (A)
Answer
√(10)
Multiply the first few factors and watch where they head. t₁ = 10¹/3 ≈ 2.154; two factors give 10⁴/9 ≈ 2.783; three give 10¹3/27 ≈ 3.029; four give 10⁴0/81 ≈ 3.117. These climb steadily toward √(10) ≈ 3.162, matching the answer. The other choices are all far too large: ∛(100) ≈ 4.64, ∜(1000) ≈ 5.62, 10, and 10∛(10) ≈ 21.5. There is also a clean upper-bound reason the value cannot reach even the second choice: the running exponents 1/3, 4/9, 13/27, 40/81, … stay below 1/2, while ∛(100) would need exponent 2/3.
💡Key takeaway

When a product never ends, give it a name and cube it — the whole product reappears inside its own cube, so P³ = 10P and the endless multiplication collapses to P = √(10).

  • Name the layers of the product
  • Give the finished value a name
  • Cube the entire product
  • Spot the copy of P inside
  • Divide out one copy of P
  • Take the positive square root