AMC 10 · 2022 · #9

Grade 6 logic
logical-deductionsystems-of-equationscasework caseworkconvert-to-algebra ↑ Prerequisites: logical-deduction
📏 Medium solution 💡 3 insights
Problem
Thirty-one children come in three kinds: those who always tell the truth, those who always lie, and those who alternate, starting with either. The principal asks each the same three yes-or-no questions in order: are you a truth-teller, are you an alternater, are you a liar. After each question every child who said yes gets one candy. The three yes-counts are 22, 15, and 9. Find the total candy that went to the truth-tellers.

Pick an answer.

(A)
7
(B)
12
(C)
21
(D)
27
(E)
31
How to solve
Strategy Use Matrix Logic

Tool #4 (Matrix Logic) is the natural fit: build a small grid whose rows are the four kinds of children (truth-teller, liar, alternater-starts-truth, alternater-starts-lie) and whose columns are the three questions. Tool #2 (Systematic List) drives row-by-row Yes/No filling — for each row we just apply the rule mechanically. Tool #7 (Subproblems) breaks the work into (a) build the grid, (b) translate Yes-counts into equations, (c) solve. Tool #13 (Algebra) lets us subtract equations to isolate the truth-teller count without solving the whole system. The final candy count is just (number of truth-tellers) x (Yes answers each gives), and the row for truth-tellers in the grid will read Yes-No-No, so each contributes exactly one candy.

1STEP 1

Tabulate the answers

Tabulate each kind's answers.

& Q1 & Q2 & Q3 ; T & Y & N & N ; L & Y & Y & N ; A_t & N & N & N ; A_ℓ & Y & Y & Y
2STEP 2

Split the alternaters

They split by which way they start.

A_ℓ: Y, Y, Y
3STEP 3

Write the three equations

The three counts give three equations.

T + L + A_ℓ = 22, L + A_ℓ = 15, A_ℓ = 9
4STEP 4

Subtract to isolate

Subtracting two equations gives it at once.

(T + L + A_ℓ) - (L + A_ℓ) = 22 - 15 → T = 7
5STEP 5

Convert to candy

Each truth-teller gets exactly one candy.

candy to truth-tellers = T × 1 = 7 × 1 = 7
6STEP 6

Match the choice

The total is 7.

answer = 7 → (A)
Answer
7
Sanity check the whole population. From the equations A_ℓ = 9, L = 15 - 9 = 6, T = 7, so A_t = 31 - 7 - 6 - 9 = 9. That's 9 alternaters of each starting type — perfectly reasonable. Re-totalling the Yes columns: Q1 Yes from T + L + A_ℓ = 7 + 6 + 9 = 22 ✓. Q2 Yes from L + A_ℓ = 6 + 9 = 15 ✓. Q3 Yes from A_ℓ = 9 ✓. All three counts match the given data, so the model is consistent.
💡Key takeaway

This AMC 12 problem only needs Grade 6 expression-writing you already know — build a tiny Yes/No grid for the four kinds of children, read off the three Yes-counts as equations, and one subtraction (22 - 15) gives the truth-teller count directly. They say Yes only once, so the candy total is exactly 7.