AMC 10 · 2024 · #3

Grade 6 arithmeticnumber-theory
multi-digit-arithmeticbound-inequality-then-enumerateinterval-arithmetic bound-inequality-then-enumerateoptimization-counting ↑ Prerequisites: multi-digit-arithmeticmultiples
📏 Short solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
Write 2024 as a sum of two-digit numbers (repeats allowed). What is the smallest possible count of terms?

Pick an answer.

(A)
20
(B)
21
(C)
22
(D)
23
(E)
24
How to solve
Strategy Identify Subproblems

An "at least" minimum problem really hides two questions, so Tool #7 (Identify Subproblems) splits the work cleanly. Subproblem A: how few terms could possibly work? Each term is at most 99, so n terms can reach at most 99n — that gives a lower bound on n. Subproblem B: can that lower bound actually be achieved with valid two-digit numbers? We pair this with Tool #6 (Guess and Check) to test the boundary cases n = 20 and n = 21 — one fails, one works, and that pins down the answer.

1STEP 1

Bound the count

With n terms the sum is at most 99n.

99n ≥ 2024 → n ≥ 2024/99
2STEP 2

Check the boundary

Twenty falls short, twenty-one suffices.

99 × 20 = 1980 (short), 99 × 21 = 2079 (enough)
3STEP 3

Compute the remainder

Twenty 99s leave 44.

2024 - 20 × 99 = 2024 - 1980 = 44
4STEP 4

Exhibit the example

Twenty 99s and one 44 make 21 terms.

99 + 99 + … + 99₂₀ terms + 44 = 1980 + 44 = 2024 → (B)
Answer
21
Sanity-check the boundary: with 20 terms the largest possible total is 20 × 99 = 1980, which is 44 short of 2024. There is no way to patch this with two-digit numbers because every term is already at its ceiling, so 20 is genuinely impossible. With 21 terms we exhibited a concrete sum equal to 2024, so 21 is genuinely possible. The answer must therefore be 21, matching (B). The construction also uses only two distinct values (99 and 44), confirming the recipe is straightforward.
💡Key takeaway

An "as few as possible" problem becomes easy when you ask "as big as possible per piece?" first — the AMC 12's opening problems often reward this Grade 6 inequality + check move.