AMC 8 · 2022 · #6

Grade 3 arithmeticalgebra
sequences-arithmeticequal-spacinglinear-equations-one-var convert-to-algebra ↑ Prerequisites: linear-equations-one-varsequences-arithmetic
📏 Short solution 💡 2 insights
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Problem
Three positive whole numbers sit on a number line with the SAME gap between each pair. The middle number is 15, and the biggest number is 4 times the smallest number. What is the smallest number?

Pick an answer.

(A)
4
(B)
5
(C)
6
(D)
7
(E)
8

AMC 8 2022 problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA AMC). Reproduced for educational use.

How to solve
Strategy Guess and Check

This is a multiple-choice problem where each candidate for the smallest number is a small whole number (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). For each candidate x, we can compute the largest number (4x) and then check whether 15 sits exactly in the middle of x and 4x (equal gaps). Tool #6 (Guess and Check) tests each candidate directly, and Tool #3 (Eliminate Possibilities) lets us cross off the ones that fail. This avoids reaching for algebra (Tool #13) when the bounded answer set makes plug-and-check the fastest, most age-appropriate path.

1STEP 1

"Equally spaced" means 15 sits exactly halfway between the smallest and the largest, so the two gaps must be equal.

middle - smallest = largest - middle
2STEP 2

Test x = 4: largest = 4 × 4 = 16, but gaps 15 - 4 = 11 and 16 - 15 = 1 differ, so (A) fails.

15 - 4 = 11, 16 - 15 = 1 (unequal) → eliminate (A)
3STEP 3

Test x = 5: largest = 4 × 5 = 20, but gaps 15 - 5 = 10 and 20 - 15 = 5 differ, so (B) fails.

15 - 5 = 10, 20 - 15 = 5 (unequal) → eliminate (B)
4STEP 4

Test x = 6: largest = 4 × 6 = 24, and gaps 15 - 6 = 9 and 24 - 15 = 9 match — this works!

15 - 6 = 9, 24 - 15 = 9 ✓
5STEP 5

Check the rest: x = 7 gives gaps 8 and 13, x = 8 gives 7 and 17 — both unequal, so only (C) 6 survives.

x = 7: 15-7=8, 28-15=13; x = 8: 15-8=7, 32-15=17 → (C) 6
Answer
6
The three numbers 6, 15, 24 are positive integers in increasing order, the middle is 15, the largest 24 = 4 × 6 is exactly four times the smallest, and the gaps 15 - 6 = 9 and 24 - 15 = 9 are equal. Every condition checks out, and 6 appears in the answer list as choice (C).
💡Key takeaway

This AMC 8 problem only needs Grade 3 multiplication and subtraction you already know — just try each answer choice and see which one makes equal gaps!