AMC 10 · 2011 · #8

Grade 6 patternalgebra
recursive-sequencesystems-of-equations pattern-recognitionconvert-to-algebra ↑ Prerequisites: pattern-recognition
📏 Medium solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
Every block of three consecutive terms adds to the same total, and one term is known. Find the sum of the two end terms.

Pick an answer.

(A)
17
(B)
18
(C)
25
(D)
26
(E)
43
How to solve
Strategy Look for a Pattern

The 'every three neighbors sum to 30' rule links overlapping groups. If I write two overlapping groups as equations and compare them, a repeating pattern pops out: the sequence cycles every three terms. Once I see that cycle I can jump straight from C and the sum rule to A+H without ever finding the individual terms.

1STEP 1

Write the sum rule with letters

Two overlapping blocks share the same two terms.

A+B+C = 30 B+C+D = 30
2STEP 2

Compare the overlapping groups

Comparing them makes two terms equal.

A + (B+C) = D + (B+C) → A = D
3STEP 3

Spot the repeat-every-three pattern

So the row repeats every three terms.

A, B, C, A, B, C, A, B → H = B
4STEP 4

Turn A+H into A+B and finish

The end pair sums to 25, choice (C).

A+H = A+B = 30 - C = 30 - 5 = 25
Answer
25
Test the pattern with a concrete sequence. Pick A=10, B=15; then C=5 makes A+B+C=30, and the cycle gives 10,15,5,10,15,5,10,15. Every three neighbors do sum to 30, and A+H = 10+15 = 25, matching (C). Choosing different starting values (say A=0, B=25) still gives A+H=25, confirming the answer does not depend on which valid terms are used.
💡Key takeaway

When overlapping groups all add to the same total, the sequence repeats, so a far-away term is really a near one in disguise.

  • Write the sum rule with letters
  • Compare the overlapping groups
  • Spot the repeat-every-three pattern
  • Turn A+H into A+B and finish