AMC 10 · 2017 · #2

Grade 7 algebra
fraction-arithmeticratio-proportion symmetric-polynomialsconvert-to-algebra ↑ Prerequisites: fraction-arithmetic
📏 Short solution 💡 2 insights
Problem
Two nonzero numbers have a sum that is a multiple of their product. Find the sum of their reciprocals.

Pick an answer.

(A)
1
(B)
2
(C)
4
(D)
8
(E)
12
How to solve
Strategy Introduce a Variable

The two numbers are never told to us, so Tool #4 (Introduce a Variable) lets us name them a and b and write the single given fact as an equation. Tool #13 (Convert to Algebra) then turns the target — the sum of reciprocals — into one fraction (a+b)/ab, which lines up perfectly with the given a+b=4ab. Tool #6 (Guess and Check) confirms the result on a concrete pair of numbers.

1STEP 1

Name the numbers, write the fact

Two letters capture the given fact.

a + b = 4ab
2STEP 2

Write the target as one fraction

The target is the sum over the product.

1/a+1/b=b/ab+a/ab=(a+b)/ab
3STEP 3

Substitute and simplify

Substituting gives 4, choice (C).

(a+b)/ab=4ab/ab=4 → (C)
Answer
4
Test a concrete pair. Take a=1; then 1+b=4b gives b=1/3, and indeed the product 1/3 times 4 is 4/3, the same as the sum 1+1/3. The reciprocals are 1 and 3, summing to 4 — matching (C). The pair a=b=1/2 also works and gives 2+2=4.
💡Key takeaway

The sum of two reciprocals is always the sum over the product, so once the sum equals 4 times the product, the reciprocals add to 4.

  • Name the numbers, write the fact
  • Write the target as one fraction
  • Substitute and simplify