AMC 8 · 2001 · #22

Grade 6 number-theoryarithmetic
linear-diophantinesystematic-enumerationmulti-digit-arithmetic systematic-enumerationcasework ↑ Prerequisites: systematic-enumeration
📏 Short solution 💡 3 insights
Problem
A test has 20 questions. Each correct answer scores 5 points, each unanswered question scores 1 point, and each wrong answer scores 0 points. Which of the listed scores cannot be reached?

Pick an answer.

(A)
90
(B)
91
(C)
92
(D)
95
(E)
97

AMC 8 2001 problem © Mathematical Association of America (MAA AMC). Reproduced for educational use.

How to solve
Strategy Guess and Check

Five choices, one is bad — perfect setup for Tool #6 (Guess and Check) on the top end. The score formula 5C + U is small enough that we can list every score reachable by working C down from 20, with U ranging over what is left. Tool #2 (Make an Organized List) keeps the cases organized: for each C, the score sits in a clean interval [5C, 5C + (20 - C)]. That lets us see exactly which scores between 90 and 100 exist without ever solving an equation.

1STEP 1

Set up the score formula: with C correct and U unanswered, the score is 5C + U, where C + U ≤ 20 since wrong answers add 0.

Score = 5C + U, 0 ≤ C + U ≤ 20
2STEP 2

The best case is every answer correct: C = 20, U = 0, giving the maximum score 100.

C = 20, U = 0 → 5(20) + 0 = 100
3STEP 3

Drop to C = 19: one question is left, giving 95 (wrong) or 96 (unanswered) — a gap already opens below 100.

C = 19 → scores ∈ {95, 96}
4STEP 4

Drop to C = 18: scores are 90, 91, 92; lower C tops out below 90. All reachable ≥ 90 = {90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 100}.

Reachable ≥ 90: {90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 100}
5STEP 5

Match the choices: 90, 91, 92, 95 all appear, but 97 is absent — the impossible score, (E).

97 ∉ {90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 100} → (E)
Answer
97
Confirm each surviving choice with an explicit case. 90 = 5(18) + 0 (18 correct, 2 wrong). 91 = 5(18) + 1 (18 correct, 1 unanswered, 1 wrong). 92 = 5(18) + 2 (18 correct, 2 unanswered). 95 = 5(19) + 0 (19 correct, 1 wrong). For 97, we would need 5C + U = 97 with C + U ≤ 20. C ≤ 19 gives a top of 5(19) + 1 = 96 < 97, and C = 20 forces U = 0 and score 100 ≠ 97. No case works, so 97 really is unreachable — answer (E).
💡Key takeaway

Score = 5C + U with 20 questions. Counting down from C = 20, the reachable scores at the top are 100, then 95 and 96, then 90, 91, 92. The choice 97 sits in the gap between 96 and 100, so it cannot be scored — answer (E).